Ammunition

Introduced in 1990, the .40 S&W cartridge was developed primarily for the police community. It combines a 40-caliber bullet with a high operating pressure (35,000 psi) for maximum stopping power. Like the .357 Magnum, a high-pressure revolver cartridge we tested two years ago, most of the ammunition we tried in this evaluation performed just as it is supposed to. Only one load needs to be avoided.

To test the effectiveness of the different brands, we bought twelve different self-defense loads. For a direct comparison, all were as close as possible to 155 grains in bullet weight. None were advertised to penetrate Kevlar body armor. None were limited to law enforcement personnel. All the sh...

We've tested ammunition with this caliber of bullet, .308 inch, twice before: Once in .308 Winchester (October 1995 issue) where we tested ammunition with 150-grain bullets, if we could get them, and once in .300 Winchester Magnum (October 1996 issue) using loads with 180-grain or heavier bullets. This time we're testing ammunition with 165-grain bullets. We think they're the best choice for the .30-06 Springfield. If we couldn't find 165-grain bullets, we chose 180-grain bullets.

To get this article ready for October publication, we did the testing in August. As you can imagine, the sporting goods stores didn't have a very good selection of ammunition on the shelves at that time. So, thi...

The .357 Magnum is a powerful handgun. In fact, when loaded with 125-grain jacketed hollow points, it is considered to be one of the most effective handguns for self defense. However, some ammunition in this caliber is better than others.

To test the effectiveness of different brands, we bought every kind of .357 Magnum self-defense ammunition we could find. Fifteen different loads were purchased from four different sources. None of it was limited to law enforcement agencies. None of it was advertised to penetrate Kevlar body armor. Six loads were positively excellent. None were unsatisfactory. All shooting was done with a Smith & Wesson Model 586 revolver with a six-inch barrel.

We t...

[IMGCAP(1)] Shotgun hunters are currently blessed with some of the best projectiles—sabot slugs—they've ever had to shoot, but improvements in these rounds have been slow in coming. Winchester-Western ballistician Karl Foster redesigned the old pumpkin-ball slug into what is essentially a 20th century .72-caliber Minie Ball in 1933. From that breakthrough until the early 1980s, there was very little change in shotgun slugs—until the advent of rifled barrels for shotguns and sabot slugs changed everything. By encasing an aerodynamic .50-caliber pellet-like projectile in a two-piece plastic sleeve of bore diameter to grip the rifling (an idea used in artillery for nearly a century), slug shoot...

Few cartridge designers ever see their names in a cartridge headstamp. For example, Elmer Keith never had his name on a factory-produced cartridge, not even on his most famous design, the .44 Magnum. Sure, there are a few experimenters whose names are still alive, such as Newton, Ross, Weatherby, and of course Ned Roberts. Also, some proprietary English cartridges—Rigby, Holland, Westley Richards, Purdey—bear their inventors' names, but like Remington or Winchester, they primarily designate company affiliation. As well, many wildcat cartridges are named after individuals, but very few legitimate ones. It remains a quirk of the firearms industry that a cartridge designer's name usually passes...

[IMGCAP(1)] The .38 Special has been the most popular revolver caliber almost since Smith & Wesson introduced it in 1902. Starting as a black-powder cartridge, which accounts for the too long case, it was switched to smokeless as new powders came on the market. In the 1930s, bigger, stronger guns lead to higher-pressure loads, and you couldn't be sure of which pressure-rated load you were buying until 1974, when SAAMI instituted the (+P) higher rating. The current SAAMI maximum pressures for the round are: standard .38 Special, 17,000 psi; .38 (+P), 18,500 psi; and .357 Magnum, 35,000 psi.

(+P) revolvers aren't necessarily bigger today, just stronger. Even the lightweight pocket guns can...

For many years hunters have used rifled slugs when they go after deer with a shotgun, but it wasn't until the inception of fully-rifled bores and the introduction of saboted loads that the shotgun became an efficient tool for hunters. Now, in some cases, accuracy can approach that associated with rifles, and searching for the best or most accurate load could provide the "shotgunner" with lots of off-season fun. Moreover, wingshooters and waterfowlers may be able to add a rifled barrel that costs around $150 to $325, rather than buying a complete, new slug gun.

Thus, the idea of simply adding a rifled barrel to an existing pump shotgun and turning it into a tack-driver has enor...